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Adolf Bastian (26 June 1826 – 2 February 1905) was a 19th-century polymath best remembered for his contributions to the development of ethnography and the development of anthropology as a discipline. Modern psychology owes him a great debt, because of his theory of the ''Elementargedanke'', which led to Carl Jung's development of the theory of ''archetypes''. His ideas had a formative influence on the "father of American anthropology" Franz Boas, and he also influenced the thought of comparative mythologist Joseph Campbell.〔Campbell, Joseph. The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology, p. 32. London: Secker & Warburg: 1960. "Jung's idea of the "archetypes" is one of the leading theories, today, in the field of our subject. It is a development of the earlier theory of Adolf Bastian..."〕〔(Adolf Bastian ) ''Britannica.com''.〕 ==Biography== Bastian was born in Bremen, at the time a state of the German Confederation, into a prosperous bourgeois German family of merchants. His career at university was broad almost to the point of being eccentric. He studied law at the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, and biology at what is today Humboldt University of Berlin, the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, and the University of Würzburg. It was at this last university that he attended lectures by Rudolf Virchow and developed an interest in what was then known as 'ethnology'. He finally settled on medicine and earned a degree from Prague in 1850. Bastian became a ship's doctor and began an eight-year voyage which took him around the world. This was the first of what would be a quarter of a century of travels. He returned to Germany in 1859 and wrote a popular account of his travels along with an ambitious three volume work entitled ''Man in History'', which became one of his most well-known works. In 1861 he undertook a four-year trip to Southeast Asia and his account of this trip, ''The People of East Asia'' ran to six volumes. He moved to Berlin in 1866, where he became a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 1869. In 1873, he was one of the founders and first director of the Ethnological Museum of Berlin, and served as its first director. Its collection of ethnographic artifacts became one of the largest in the world for decades to come. He also worked with Rudolf Virchow to organize the Ethnological Society of Berlin. Among others who worked under him at the museum was the young Franz Boas who later founded the American school of ethnology. In the 1870s Bastian left the Berlin and again travelled extensively in Africa as well as the New World. He died in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago during one these journeys in 1905. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adolf Bastian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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